Discussion on key points of night scene lighting design in parks

1 Introduction
With the progress of urbanization in our country, the landscaping construction has also developed greatly, and the design of night scene lighting in parks has become more and more important.
 
2. Layout principles of landscape lamps
The illumination requirements of roads and squares in the park are much lower than those of indoor buildings. Specifications: For roads with a large flow of people, the average illuminance Eav of the road surface is 10lx, and the minimum illuminance Emin is 3lx. For roads with small traffic flow, the average illuminance Eav of the road surface is 5lx, and the minimum illuminance Emin is 1lx. The illumination of the square part is generally: 20lx ~ 30lx. Therefore, in the lighting design of the park, that is, to meet the requirements of the regulations, the lighting arrangement should not be too dense, try to save energy, and make the landscape in the park have a strong contrast between light and dark, and the key points are prominent. Therefore, how to reasonably arrange landscape lamps is a question worth exploring.
 
The places that need to be illuminated in the park include: park roads, park entrance squares, landscape pools, big trees, landscape walls, landscape sketches, etc. The lighting in these places is classified and explained below.
 
2.1 Road lighting design
 
The road lighting in the park belongs to functional lighting, and it only needs to meet the basic illumination requirements.
 
The roads in the park are generally divided into: 6 meters, 4 meters, 2.5 meters, 2 meters according to the width. Generally speaking, small roads of 2 meters and below should be illuminated by lawn lamps, and roads of 2.5 meters and above should be illuminated by courtyard road lamps.
 
The lighting design of the entrance plaza is often the focus of the park landscape lighting. Before designing, you should work closely with professional garden designers to first understand whether the basic situation of the square is a sinking square or a non-sinking square. Usually, the functional lighting of the square is to arrange landscape lamp posts every 20 meters around the square in the green space around the square. If the square area is small, other lamps may not be considered in the middle of the square. If the area is large, different lighting schemes should be determined according to whether it is a sunken square. For the sunken square, the side wall lights of the steps can be evenly arranged on the side walls of the steps of the square. The side wall lights of the steps are generally circular wall lights with a diameter of less than 40 mm, and are evenly arranged every 3 meters. For non-sinking squares, buried decorative lights can be evenly set on the paving grid. The specific positioning of the lamps should be determined in combination with the paving grids of the garden. If the paving grids are squares, the lamps can be set at the intersections of the paving grids. If it is a long grid, it can be set in the center of the paving grid. The lamps installed in the paving grid should be arranged in a regular shape along the paving grid in order to achieve visual aesthetics. As shown in Figure 1.
 
2.3 Lighting design of landscape pool
 
Before carrying out lighting design, you should fully communicate with relevant professionals to understand the parts of the landscape pool that need to be illuminated and what lighting effects need to be achieved. Specifically, do you need to illuminate the side walls of the pool? Or do you want to illuminate the water surface? For example, if there are sculptures and landscape walls in the pool, do you need lighting? If lighting is required, from which direction. If there is a fountain in the pool, whether it needs lighting, etc. When the understanding is clear, the specific design will be carried out. Under normal circumstances, if you need to illuminate the side wall of the pool, you should install a wall lamp on the side wall, if you need to illuminate the water surface, you should install an underwater lamp under the water surface, and the underwater lamp should be mounted on the bottom of the pool with a bracket, not hidden. With the bottom of the pool, otherwise the lamps are not easy to maintain. The distance between the side wall light and the underwater light should be less than 100 mm from the water surface, otherwise the light will not easily penetrate the water surface and the lighting effect cannot be achieved. The lighting of the sculpture in the pool can arrange underwater lights evenly around the sculpture, and the lighting of the landscape wall can arrange LED underwater light strips at different positions of the landscape wall, and the lighting of fountains and small springs is usually by tying the underwater lights to the nozzle. superior. In addition, special attention should be paid to the fact that on the edge of the landscape pool without railings, the decorative lights should be evenly arranged along the edge to achieve a warning effect, so as to prevent visitors from accidentally falling into the pool at night.
 
2.4 Landscape lighting of ancient buildings
 
The ancient buildings in the park mainly include: archways, corridors, pavilions, etc., which are discussed separately:
(1) Archway lighting: Buried lights should be installed in front of the columns of the archway, and both sides of the archway should be arranged to illuminate the columns.
(2) Corridor lighting: ceiling lamps can be set on the top of the corridor (wooden structure or concrete structure); wall lamps can be set on the columns (not set when the structure is wooden columns); buried decorative lights (with seats) can be set up. should not be set); if the roof of the corridor needs to be illuminated, LED light strips can be arranged at its outer edge.
(3) Pavilion lighting: Flood lighting can be arranged evenly at the edge of the pavilion top, and no lighting can be provided inside the pavilion.
 
2.5 Layout principles of other landscape lighting fixtures
(1) Tree lights (LOGO stone lights): If the trees and LOGO stones are set in the green space, the floor lamps are used; if the trees and LOGO stones are set on the pavement, the buried lamps are used.
(2) Wall light: It can be illuminated by underground light or LED wall washer light strip.
(3) Flower pond and tree-surrounding seat: Wall lamps can be evenly arranged on the side of the flower pond and tree-surrounding seat.
(4) Wooden plank road lighting: First, find out whether the wooden plank road is higher than the ground. If it is higher than the ground, set up landscape lamp posts beside the wooden plank road; if the wooden plank road is not higher than the ground, arrange buried decoration on one side of the wooden plank road. lamp.
(5) Flower stand lighting: flower stand wall lamps or buried decorative lights can be used. If there is a seat under the flower stand, the buried decorative light should not be placed under the seat.
(6) Bridge body lighting: If the length of the bridge is less than 6 meters, there is no need to arrange lighting fixtures on the bridge body, and only garden lights are arranged at both ends of the bridge for lighting.
 
If the length of the bridge is about 30 meters, it should be considered to install lighting fixtures on the bridge body. When the railings of the bridge are made of concrete, wall lamps can be set on the railings, and when the railings are made of stone, LED floor tile light strips can be set on the bridge decks on both sides of the bridge.
 
2.6 The use of solar lights
 
Solar light has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, but it is expensive and has poor light efficiency. Therefore, when using solar light, it should be used with caution according to the actual situation of the site. When the park is far away from the substation, and the mains supply is difficult, or when the cable is difficult to lay in the mountainous area, solar lights can be preferred. Other places should use solar lights with caution, otherwise not only will it fail to achieve the purpose of energy saving, but it will cause unnecessary waste.